掌握新托福口語詞彙翻譯技巧
2009-8-23813
一、理論知識
1. 直譯法
honeymoon/mad cow disease/hot line/ talk show/gene
therapy/chain reaction
bull』s eye
bicycle people
milky way
靶心、騎自行車的人、銀河
2. 意譯
as timid as hare 膽小如兔
day student 白天的學生
in the dark 在黑暗中
cash crops 現金莊稼
膽小如鼠、走讀生、一無所知、經濟作物
He had one foot in the grave.
他已經有一隻腳踏進墳墓了
他已經是風燭殘年了
The medicinal herb helps a cough.
這種草藥幫助咳嗽
這種草藥可以治療咳嗽
理解、表達（直譯結合意譯）、校對
二、詞
1. 根據詞性確定詞義
The earth is not completely round.
Let』s go into the hall and have a look round.
They are dancing in a round.
He worked round the day.
The boy』s eyes rounded with excitement.
圓的 形容詞
轉一轉 副詞
一圈 名詞
一整天 介詞
睜得圓圓的 動詞
2. 根據上下文確定詞義
The story of their sufferings moved us deeply.
Work on the new building is moving quickly.
The government』s opinions on this matter haven』t moved.
She moves in the highest circles of society.
Unless the employers move quickly, there will be strike.
打動
進展
改變
生活
採取措施
3. 根據漢文表達習慣確定詞義
I think your suggestion will work.
The new treatment works like magic.
My watch doesn』t work.
The sea works high.
She worked her way to the front.
The new regulation is working well.
行得通
療效
走
洶湧起伏
擠到
執行
4. 通過抽象化加以引申
They have their smiles and tears.
微笑和眼/
We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.
單行道
I have no head for mathematics.
沒有頭腦
歡樂與悲哀
有來無往
沒有天賦
5. 通過具體化加以引申
The car in front of me stopped, and I missed the green.
綠色 綠燈
Perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough
for some uses.
麻煩 缺點
6. 增加原文中省略的部分
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an
exact man.
A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his
money.
Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance an amendment
be expected?
Students should learn from teachers and vice versa.
讀書使人充實,討論使人機智,寫作使人準確
愚人會很快忘記說過的話,智者會很快放棄手裏的錢
如果你對自己的錯誤都不能認識到,怎麼能指望你悔改呢
學生應該向老師學習,老師也應該向學生學習
7. 從語法角度去省略
The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in
what he longs to attain.
It is the people who are really powerful.
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to the People』s Republic of
China.
Delivery must be affected within the time stated on the purchase
order.
人生的意義不在於已經獲取的,而在於渴望得到什麼樣的東西
人民才是最強大的
冬天來了,春天還會遠嗎?
1997年7月,香港回歸了中華人民共和國
必須在購貨單規定的時間交貨
8. 重複法
This has been our position—but not theirs.
We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the
weather, of each other—of everything.
He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it,
despised it in others.
這一直是我們的立場—而不是他們的立場
我們談到自己,談到前途,談到旅程,談到天氣,談到彼此的情況—談到所有的
一切事情
他討厭失敗,他一生中曾戰勝失敗,超越失敗,並且藐視別人的失敗
三、句
1. 主語從句
Whatever is worth doing should be done well.
任何值得做的事情都應該做好
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own
shortcomings.
真奇怪,他竟然沒有看出自己的缺點
2. 賓語從句
I told him that because of the last condition, I』d have to turn it
down.
我告訴他,由於那最後一個條件,我只得謝絕
We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door
to the outside world.
打開國門,實行開放,我們認為這是絕對必要
3. 表語從句
The question remains whether we can win the majority of the
people.
問題是我們能否贏得大多數人民群眾的支持
His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or
against him.
他對新聞界的看法是,記者們不是支援他,就是反對他
4. 同位語從句
We know the fact that bodies possess weight.
我們都知道物體具有重量這一事實
We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for
testing truth.
我們已經得出這樣的結論:實踐是檢驗真理的標準
5. 定語從句
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is
sweet.
I told the story to Winson, who told it to his brother.
It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your
uncle.
6. 狀語從句
時間狀語從句
Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.
他剛說出這些話,大家就沉默下來
原因狀語從句
We had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent.
由於很多人沒有來,會議只好延期
條件狀語從句
It was better in case they were captured.
要是把他們抓到了,那就更好了
讓步狀語從句
No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I』m wrong.
不管我說什麼,也不管我怎麼說,他總是認為我錯了
目的狀語從句
He emphasized it again and again, lest she should forget.
他反復強調這一點,免得她忘記了
結果狀語從句
The difference is such that all will perceive it.
差別這麼大,所有的人都看得出來
四個角度:對英文原文理解的深度，自身的中文修養程度，對英文、中文所在的兩種文化、歷史、風土人情等的正確掌握，需要真正/脫原文束縛，遣詞造句儘量貼近原文，同時還要按照中文習慣來表達英文原文的內容。
1. 直譯法
honeymoon/mad cow disease/hot line/ talk show/gene
therapy/chain reaction
bull』s eye
bicycle people
milky way
靶心、騎自行車的人、銀河
2. 意譯
as timid as hare 膽小如兔
day student 白天的學生
in the dark 在黑暗中
cash crops 現金莊稼
膽小如鼠、走讀生、一無所知、經濟作物
He had one foot in the grave.
他已經有一隻腳踏進墳墓了
他已經是風燭殘年了
The medicinal herb helps a cough.
這種草藥幫助咳嗽
這種草藥可以治療咳嗽
理解、表達（直譯結合意譯）、校對
二、詞
1. 根據詞性確定詞義
The earth is not completely round.
Let』s go into the hall and have a look round.
They are dancing in a round.
He worked round the day.
The boy』s eyes rounded with excitement.
圓的 形容詞
轉一轉 副詞
一圈 名詞
一整天 介詞
睜得圓圓的 動詞
2. 根據上下文確定詞義
The story of their sufferings moved us deeply.
Work on the new building is moving quickly.
The government』s opinions on this matter haven』t moved.
She moves in the highest circles of society.
Unless the employers move quickly, there will be strike.
打動
進展
改變
生活
採取措施
3. 根據漢文表達習慣確定詞義
I think your suggestion will work.
The new treatment works like magic.
My watch doesn』t work.
The sea works high.
She worked her way to the front.
The new regulation is working well.
行得通
療效
走
洶湧起伏
擠到
執行
4. 通過抽象化加以引申
They have their smiles and tears.
微笑和眼/
We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.
單行道
I have no head for mathematics.
沒有頭腦
歡樂與悲哀
有來無往
沒有天賦
5. 通過具體化加以引申
The car in front of me stopped, and I missed the green.
綠色 綠燈
Perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough
for some uses.
麻煩 缺點
6. 增加原文中省略的部分
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an
exact man.
A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his
money.
Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance an amendment
be expected?
Students should learn from teachers and vice versa.
讀書使人充實,討論使人機智,寫作使人準確
愚人會很快忘記說過的話,智者會很快放棄手裏的錢
如果你對自己的錯誤都不能認識到,怎麼能指望你悔改呢
學生應該向老師學習,老師也應該向學生學習
7. 從語法角度去省略
The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in
what he longs to attain.
It is the people who are really powerful.
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to the People』s Republic of
China.
Delivery must be affected within the time stated on the purchase
order.
人生的意義不在於已經獲取的,而在於渴望得到什麼樣的東西
人民才是最強大的
冬天來了,春天還會遠嗎?
1997年7月,香港回歸了中華人民共和國
必須在購貨單規定的時間交貨
8. 重複法
This has been our position—but not theirs.
We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the
weather, of each other—of everything.
He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it,
despised it in others.
這一直是我們的立場—而不是他們的立場
我們談到自己,談到前途,談到旅程,談到天氣,談到彼此的情況—談到所有的
一切事情
他討厭失敗,他一生中曾戰勝失敗,超越失敗,並且藐視別人的失敗
三、句
1. 主語從句
Whatever is worth doing should be done well.
任何值得做的事情都應該做好
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own
shortcomings.
真奇怪,他竟然沒有看出自己的缺點
2. 賓語從句
I told him that because of the last condition, I』d have to turn it
down.
我告訴他,由於那最後一個條件,我只得謝絕
We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door
to the outside world.
打開國門,實行開放,我們認為這是絕對必要
3. 表語從句
The question remains whether we can win the majority of the
people.
問題是我們能否贏得大多數人民群眾的支持
His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or
against him.
他對新聞界的看法是,記者們不是支援他,就是反對他
4. 同位語從句
We know the fact that bodies possess weight.
我們都知道物體具有重量這一事實
We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for
testing truth.
我們已經得出這樣的結論:實踐是檢驗真理的標準
5. 定語從句
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is
sweet.
I told the story to Winson, who told it to his brother.
It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your
uncle.
6. 狀語從句
時間狀語從句
Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.
他剛說出這些話,大家就沉默下來
原因狀語從句
We had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent.
由於很多人沒有來,會議只好延期
條件狀語從句
It was better in case they were captured.
要是把他們抓到了,那就更好了
讓步狀語從句
No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I』m wrong.
不管我說什麼,也不管我怎麼說,他總是認為我錯了
目的狀語從句
He emphasized it again and again, lest she should forget.
他反復強調這一點,免得她忘記了
結果狀語從句
The difference is such that all will perceive it.
差別這麼大,所有的人都看得出來
四個角度:對英文原文理解的深度，自身的中文修養程度，對英文、中文所在的兩種文化、歷史、風土人情等的正確掌握，需要真正/脫原文束縛，遣詞造句儘量貼近原文，同時還要按照中文習慣來表達英文原文的內容。
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