英文口譯~翻譯重要原則

主語確定原則
由於英文是主語顯著語（subject-prominent language），構建在主謂軸（subject-predicate pivot）上，主語決定了句法結構；中文為語義性語言，其中主語的重要性相對較低，無主語的現象比比皆是。因此在中英轉換中最重要的就是確定主語，主語選擇成/了，句子越翻越順；選擇失敗，越翻越累。主語的確定歸根結底有三種方法：使用原主語；重新確定主語；增補主語。

這一目標的實現，最直接的應該是老百姓住得更寬敞了，更舒服了。
The citizens will live more spaciously and comfortably, benefiting most directly from achieving the goal.

The idea of a national ID, however, was locked out of earlier drafts of legislation by a coalition of civil rights and ethnic groups, who opposed a requirement that all non-citizens carry identifying documents.
然而，持自由論觀點的民眾和少數民族反對一切美國公民必須隨身攜帶身份證的規定，他們結成聯盟，推翻了立法的最初幾次草案中關於實施全國統一身份證的主張。　

其實，撇開數學，繞過那一大堆公式，一門學科的基本思想還是可以被我們理解和欣賞的。
To be frank, if we leave aside mathematics and bypass the abundant formulas, the basic principles of the discipline (of science) are understandable and appreciable.

They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically orculturally.
無論是外人入境，或是文化入侵，政府都已無能為力。

They have been increasingly chagrined by Washington』s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issues ranging from the use of land mines to the Kyoto climate change treaty.
從地雷禁用條款到京都防止氣候變暖條約等一些列問題，美國政府總是對國際輿論置若罔聞，使得這些（倒戈）國家越來越失望/懊惱。